论明代密疏言事的职能资格

On Functional Qualification of Presenting Secret Memorials in the Ming Dynasty

密疏是明代臣民上呈皇帝的一种秘密奏章。在明代密疏言事的发展过程中并没有对密疏言事人的资格作过明确规定。但随着明代中央集权政治和君主专制的发展, 朝廷中的一些职能部门因某些特殊事宜必须密疏奏闻, 从而使得这些部门的官员有了密疏言事的资格。在明代, 有密疏言事职能资格的部门主要有钦天监、内阁和整个监察体系。这些部门密疏言事职能资格的获得与明代政治的发展密切相关。

Secret memorials are the ones presented to the emperor by the officials in the Ming dynasty, where in the beginning of the development of the secret memorials, officials qualified to present them to the emperor are not stipulated clearly and definitely, but with the development of the political centralization of state power and autocratic monarchy, due to some urgent and special matters involved, some officials in those functional departments in the royal court are qualified to present secret memorials to the emperor. In the Ming dynasty, the functional departments are imperial Qintianjian(钦天监), the cabinet and the whole supervisory system, whose qualifications to present secret memorials to the emperor are related to the development of politics.