乱世英雄的道德光环与悲剧结局——论中国古代战争小说的英雄崇拜意识

The Moral Aura of the Heroes in the Times of Chaos and Their Tragic Ends——On the Hero-worship Consciousness in Ancient Chinese War Fictions

英雄崇拜是世界各民族的普遍文化现象 ,但每一个民族基于各自的政治历史、文化传统和宗教意识 ,又有不同的英雄崇拜标准。以《三国演义》、《水浒传》为代表的中国古代战争小说对于英雄的崇拜不仅仅是崇智和崇力 ,更注重英雄的伦理道德标准。由于过分强调英雄的道德修养 ,同时又无以调和高尚的道德理想与严酷的现实生活的矛盾 ,使英雄们不可避免地走向悲剧结局。

Hero-worship consciousness prevails in the cultures of various ethnics around the world. Owing to differing political-history, cultural tradition and religious consciousness, there are different standards of heroes among different cultures. The war fictions in ancient China, which are symbolized by “Three Kingdoms and The Outlaws of the Marshland”, didn't just worship the wisdom and strength of the heroes, but paid more attention to the ethical moral standards. Just because of the overemphasis on the heroes' moral culture and no solutions to the contradictions between high moral belief and severe actual life, the heroes were led to tragic ends.