湖南省农村改厕与卫生防病效果调查

Disease Prevention Effect of Improvement of Latrines in Rural Areas in Hunan Province

目的探讨湖南省农村改厕对控制肠道传染病和寄生虫感染的效果。方法于2003年11月-2004年5月分别选择湖南6个县24个村,其中包括改厕村和未改厕村。检测户厕内的粪液的粪大肠菌值、寄生虫虫卵沉降率,并进行问卷和回顾性调查,对改厕村和未改厕村的肠道传染病、感染性腹泻的发病和人体寄生虫感染情况进行统计比较。结果双瓮漏斗式、三格式和沼气化粪池3种类型处理设施处理的粪液,其粪大肠菌值达标率分别为95.0%,93.5%和91.7%,寄生虫卵沉降率分别为90.0%,90.3%和87.5%,改厕村和未改厕村的寄生虫卵总阳性率为6.58%,17.01%,差异有统计学意义,改厕村的人体寄生虫总感染率、肠道传染病和感染性腹泻的发病率分别比未改厕村下降了67.0%,58.3%,56.3%。结论改厕后的粪便无害化对肠道传染病、感染性腹泻和寄生虫感染均有不同程度的防病效果。

Objective To investigate the effect of non-hazard treatment of feces on control of intestinal infectious diseases and parasitosis. Methods During Nov, 2003-May, 2004, we selected 6 counties as observational points by the character of geographical position and the types of non-hazard treatment in Hunan province. The number of fecal coliform and the sedimentation rate of parasite ova were measured, the methods of questionnaire and retrospective study were used and the prevalance rate of intestinal infectious diseases, the incident rate of infectious diarrhea and infectious rate of parasite were analyzed. Results Among three types of non-hazard treatment, the eligibility rates of fecal coliform were 95.0%, 93.5%and 91.7% respectively,and the sedimentation rates of parasite ova were 90.0%, 90.3% and 87.5% respectively. Compared with the villages where the latrines had not been improved, the infectious rates of parasite decreased by 67.0%,the prevalance rate of intestinal infectious diseases decreased by 58.3%, and the incidence rates of infectious diarrhea decreased by 56.3% in villages where the latrines had been improved. Conclusion Non-hazard treatment of feces will play an important role in preventing of intestinal infectious diseases, infectious diarrhea and parasitosis.