"安乐死"的伦理论争所忽视的方面——对"安乐死"论争的省察

What Have Been Overlooked in the Debates over Euthanasia? -Another Look at Euthanasia

由于在生命价值问题上的分歧,中西方对"安乐死"的讨论出现了一些缺憾:没有在元伦理意义上对生命价值作出全面、客观的诠释;关涉"安乐死"中各方的权利与义务(责任)的争论,多从与"患-医"关系相应的"权利-义务"层面展开单向度的讨论。应当更深入、全面地探讨生命价值和尊严这样的元伦理问题,并且对"医-患"关系的权利与义务作双向度的探究,同时应将"安乐死"的讨论延伸至动物,以便为"安乐死"的实践提供更切实的指导。

Due to their disagreements on the meta- ethical issue, i.e. the value of life, debates over euthanasia have overlooked some significant aspects. First, no arguments have made an objective, adequate and sufficient interpretation of the value of life from the ethical perspective. Second, in terms of the respective rights and obligations (duty or responsibility) of all concerned in case of euthanasia, the debates have mostly been focused on the one - sided flow of patients' rights in relation to physicians' obligations (duty or responsibility). To provide more critical and practical guidance for the conduct of euthanasia, further debates should deal with such meta - ethical issues as the value of life and human dignity more deeply, comprehensively and objectively, deal with the two - way flow of rights and obligations in the broadened physician - patient relation, and further discussions should also be extended to the animal world.