论中国古代民本主义的类型与要旨

On the Type and the Gist of People - Oriented Doctrines in Ancient China

一提到古代民本主义,人们往往会把它与儒家联系起来。其实,古代各个学派都从不同的方面为民本主义的发展作出了自己独特的贡献。它们既有共同的主张和追求,又表现出不同的形态。古代民本主义的主要形态有功利型、率性自然型、仁德型、法德兼治型、严以治吏型、天威限君型、民主萌芽型等。

Ancient people - oriented doctrines are often associated with the Confucian School. As a matter of fact, different ancient schools have made their own contributions to the development of people - oriented doctrines. They have common views and pursuits, yet they had different forms. The major types of ancient people - oriented doctrines are utilitarian type, open - minded and natural type, benevolence type, type of ruling the country with Jaw and morality, type of strictly controlling the officials, type of restricting the emperor with heavenly power, and type of democracy at the embryonic stage.