圈养大熊猫主食竹的氨基酸分析

Study on the Amino Acids of Bamboo Ingested by Captive Giant Panda

拟通过对大熊猫主食竹中氨基酸含量及其相互间比例的分析,为圈养大熊猫的饲料配方中平衡氨基酸提供理论参考依据。采集了大熊猫喜食的3个产地4种竹叶和竹杆样品各1 7个,共34个样品,并测定了其中1 7种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,竹样品中谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高,其中竹叶中为1 .37%±0 .1 8% ,竹杆中为0 .2 8%±0 .0 6% ;其次为天冬氨酸(Asp)、亮氨酸(Leu)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、赖氨酸(Lys)、脯氨酸(Pro)、甘氨酸(Gly)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、精氨酸(Arg) ;半胱氨酸(Cys)含量最低,竹叶中为0 .0 7%±0 .0 4% ,竹杆中为0 .0 4%±0 .0 5 %。竹叶中除Cys含量显著(P <0 .0 5 )高于竹杆外,其余所有氨基酸含量都极显著(P <0 .0 1 )高于竹杆。竹叶中总非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的平均含量为6.2 8%±0 .79% ,竹杆中为4.32 %±2 .5 8% ;竹叶总必需氨基酸(EAA)平均含量为4.66%±0 .5 9% ,竹杆中为3.2 0 %±1 .98%。竹叶和竹杆中NEAA/EAA平均比值分别为1 .35±0 .0 8和1 .2 2±0 .47。

Bamboo is a main food for giant panda. Amino acids (AAs) contents and its ratios among AAs of bamboo ingested by captive giant panda were analyzed to provide reference theory basis for diet preparation for giant panda. 17 samples including leaf and stem of bamboo form 4 varieties of bamboo in three producing area of bamboo were collected respectively and contents of its 17 hydrolyzed AAs were determined. Results were: for all samples, Glu content was highest, mean Glu content was (1.37%±)0.18% in the bamboo leaf,0.28%±0.06% in the bamboo stem;followed by Asp?Leu?Ala?Val?Lys?Pro?Gly?Phe?Thr?Ser?Arg;Cys content was the lowest which is 0.07%±0.04% in bamboo leaf,(0.04%±)(0.05%) in bamboo stem. Except the content of Cys in bamboo leaf was significant higher than that of stem(P<0.05),contents of other AAs in bamboo leaf were extremely significant higher than those of in bamboo stem(P<0.01); AAs contents of the same part of bamboo among different varieties had no significant different. Average content of total non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in bamboo leaf was (6.28%±)0.79%,that of bamboo stem was 4.32%±2.58%;Average content of total essential amino acids (EAA) in bamboo leaf was 4.66%±0.59%,that in bamboo stem was 3.2%±1.98%. Average ratio of NEAA/EAA in bamboo leaf and stem were 1.35%±0.08% and 1.22%±0.47% respectively. The percent of total EAA to total of all the 17 AAs in bamboo leaf and stem were over than 43%. Results showed: bamboo had all kinds of AA and abundant EAA that giant panda needs. Contents of EAA are higher than those of common energy feed of animals, slightly lower than those of high quality alfalfa; total contents of EAAs were high. So we can conclude that bamboo protein is a kind of good quality protein feed if its content of AA and EAA is thought only.