种子植物对中波紫外辐射胁迫的响应研究进展

Research advances in response of seed plants to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

臭氧层的破坏导致到达地表的中波紫外辐射 (UV- B)增加。增强的UV- B对植物产生不同程度的胁迫作用。综合论述了近些年来有关种子植物对UV- B胁迫响应的研究进展。对UV B敏感的种子植物经UV- B处理 ,外部形态表现为植物变矮、叶面积减小、茎缩短等 ;内部结构表现为叶绿体结构失去完整性、叶肉面积减小等。种子植物受UV-B影响的主要部位包括光合器官、遗传物质、蛋白质等。为了减轻UV -B的伤害 ,种子植物形成了一系列的保护机制 ,包括表皮结构对UV- B的散射、反射 ,叶片厚度的增加、UV- B吸收物质的积累、受损DNA的修复、自由基的去除。此外 ,UV- B与干旱、增强CO2 具有互作效应。增强的UV- B对木本植物、生态系统等方面的影响研究应加以重视。

Depletion of ozone leads to the increase of Ultraviolet-B radiation on the surface of the Earth.Enhanced UV-B would affect the growth of plants at different extent.This review summarized the research advances in response of seed plants to enhanced Ultraviolet-B radiation in recent years.According to previous studies,higher plants sensitive to UV-B decreased in plant height,leaf area and stem length,with the integrity of chloroplast structure damaged.Photosynthetic organs,genetic material,and proteins etc.are the main targets of UV-B.In order to alleviate the harmful effects of UV-B,plants developed a range of protective mechanisms,including the dispersion and reflectance of UV-B by epicuticular structure and leaf thickening,accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds,reparation of DNA damage and elimination of active radicals.In addition,UV-B significantly interacted with drought and elevated CO\-2.Research on response of woody plant and ecosystem to enhanced UV-B radiation should be emphasized in the future.