酗酒——伤害发生重要而共同的危险因素

Excessive drinking-the critical and common risk factor of injury occurring

目的 分析饮酒对伤害发生的影响及立论饮酒是伤害共同危险因素 ,提出防治措施。方法 分别就酒精对大脑 /肝脏的短期 /长期作用 ,对机动车驾驶员 /步行和骑自行车者的影响 ,酗酒对意外伤害 /故意伤害的影响进行比较研究、原因深入研究 ,就血酒浓度的增高对道路交通伤害的影响进行回顾分析。结果 酒精对大脑的短期作用与伤害发生关系密切 ,酒后驾车及酗酒后的步行者、骑自行车者 ,发生道路交通伤害的危险性增加。急诊伤害的前 3位原因构成是机械伤、跌伤、道路交通伤害 ,并未因经济发达程度不同、地理位置不同而改变。酗酒是道路交通伤害、跌伤等意外伤害以及机械伤等故意伤害的危险因素。结论 酗酒是伤害发生重要而共同的危险因素 ;应加强健康教育、增强自控能力、健全法制法规、提高管理效能。

Objective To analyze the influence and common risk fact or of drinking on injury occurring, to put forward strategies for prevention and c ontrol of excessive drinking. Methods Comparative research and underline cause study on the short-term vs.long-term effect of alcohol, the effect of alcohol on brain vs.liver of human beings, the effect of alcohol on m otor vehicle drivers vs.pedestrians and cyclists, the influence of excessive d rinking on unintentional vs.intentional injuries. Review study on the influenc e of the increase of blood alcohol concentration on road traffic injury. Results The short-term effect of alcohol on brains of human beings i s closely related to injury occurring. The risk factor of road traffic injury i ncreases among excessive drinking drivers, drunk pedestrians and cyclists. The top three types of injuries visiting emergency department of hospitals are m echanical injury, falls and road traffic injury. The distribution of major caus es of injury victims does not be changed by the economic and geographic differen c e. Excessive drinking is the critical risk factor of unintentional injuries lik e road traffic injury and falls as well as the intentional injury like mechanica l injury. Conclusion Excessive drinking is the critical and co mmon risk factor of injury occurring. The prevention and control of excessive d r inking needs enhancing health education, strengthening self-control capability, completing laws and regulations, increasing the effectiveness of management.