社区不同人群慢性非传染性疾病预防控制知识、态度和行为比较

KAP about chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control among different populations in pilot urban areas

目的 了解宁波市海曙区不同人群慢性非传染性疾病 (慢病 )预防控制的相关知识、态度和行为(KAP) ,为制定针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法 采用两阶段整群抽样方法 ,对辖区内 1 5岁以上常住居民进行问卷调查。有效调查人数 2 0 4 3人 ,其中男性为 4 5 . 5 %,女性为 5 4 . 4 %;1 5～ 34岁占 5 . 7%,35～ 5 9岁占5 8. 3%,6 0岁及以上者占 36 0 %;5 8 3%享有职工医疗保险 ,公费医疗和自费的分别为 1 5 . 2 %和 1 9 1 %。结果 海曙区居民“慢病”预防控制相关KAP得分分别为 39. 0 3± 1 3. 6 9、 4 . 32± 2. 6 5和 1 0 . 31± 3. 6 9。相关知识知晓率、正向态度持有率以及正确行为采纳率分别为 6 6 2 %、 5 4 0 %和 5 1 6 %。女性的行为得分高于男性 ,享有公费医疗和 6 0岁以上人群正确行为采纳率高 ,自费群体和未婚人群正确行为采纳率低 ,KAP得分随教育水平提高而提高。居民“慢病”预防控制知识主要来自电视 (6 4 . 2 %) ,报纸杂志 (5 6. 8%)、朋友家人 (44 . 9%)等。结论 海曙区居民对“慢病”预防控制KAP受性别、年龄、婚姻、文化程度、收入水平以及医疗保障形式的影响 ,男性、未婚、低文化水平、低收入和自费人群的KAP得分低于相对应人群。

Objective To investigate the KAP about chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control among different populations in pilot urban areas, Haishu District in Zhejiang Province. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2043 residents over 15,929 males and 1114 females, aged 15～ 5.7%, 58.3% being aged 35～59, 36.0% being retired, mostly non-professionals, most with secondary school, especially junior middle school, education, 58.3% insured against diseases for employees, 15.2% enjoying free medical service, and 19.1% bearing the medical expenses by themselves, selected by two-stage cluster sampling. Results The average scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice about NCD prevention and control were 39.03±13.69, 4.32±2.65, and 10.31±3.69 respectively.The correct answer rate, positive attitude rate, and correct practice adoption rate were 66.2%, 54.0%, and 51.6% respectively.The positive attitude rate and correct practice rate in the females were significantly higher than those in the males (both P<0.01 .The correct practice rate was significantly lower in the unmarried persons than in the married persons (P<0.01) and significantly higher in the group aged >60 than in other age groups (all P<0.01 .The higher the educational level, the higher the scores in KAP.The correct answer rate and correct attitude rate were significantly higher in the group insured against diseases for employees than in other groups (all P<0.01 .The correct practice adoption rate was the highest in the persons enjoying free medical service and the lowest in the persons paying medical expenses by themselves (all P<0.01) .The larger the income and the higher the educational level, the higher the scores in KAP (all P<0.01. The respondents mainly received relevant information from TV (64.2%), periodicals (56.8%), family members and friends (44.9%. Conclusion The KAP rate is influenced by gender, education, income and different medical care modality.