广东省生态可持续发展定量研究:生态足迹时间维动态分析

Measuring sustainable development with the ecological footprint analysis in Guangdong province

生态足迹是一种定量测度生态可持续发展状态的指标和方法以支持可持续发展的决策。以广东省为案例,对广东 1990年至 2002 年时间维的生态足迹及生态承载力进行计算和动态分析。结果表明,13 年来,广东人均生态足迹和生态赤字不断增加,人均生态足迹从 1990 年的 1.253 hm2增加至 2002 年的 1.784 hm2,增加了 42.38%;人均生态足迹赤字从 0.817 hm2增加至 2002 年的 1.393 hm2,但万元 GDP 生态足迹逐年下降。横向比较分析表明,广东 2000 年的人均生态足迹为 1.636 hm2,低于全球平均水平(2.8 hm2),同时也处于全球人均生态承载力(2.0 hm2)的范围,但超过中国人均生态承载力水平(0.681hm2);人均生态赤字(1.246 hm2)也高于世界平均水平(0.8 hm2)。因此,广东虽在全球尺度处于生态可持续发展状态,但生态系统的压力和强度甚高。

The ecological footprint (EF) method is a new prevailing approach to quantify the stress on natural ecosystems from hu- man activities in recent years, which presents a simple framework for national and natural capital accounting. The authors took Guangdong province (in south China) as a studied case and assessed its development situation from 1990 to 2002 by using the EF method based on the existing data of the statistical yearbooks. The result showed that EF per ten thousand yuan GDP tended to de- crease, while EF per capita in this region increased 42.38% in the 13 years continually. This region was in ecological deficit (ED) condition for all the 13 years and the ED increased from 0.817 hm2·cap-1 to 1.393 hm2·cap-1. Compared with other countries and re- gions, the EF of Guangdong (1.636 hm2·cap-1 in 2000) was lower than the global average level (2.8 hm2·cap-1); the available bio-capacity (0.39 hm2·cap-1) was lower than China average level (0.681 hm2·cap-1); the ED (1.246 hm2·cap-1 in 2000) was also higher than the global average level (0.8 hm2·cap-1). The analysis indicated that there was tremendously high stress on ecosystem in Guangdong province though it was in sustainable development status in global scale. Some suggestions have been discussed in the last section of this article.