气候变化与水面蒸发计算

Climate Change and the Estimation of Water Surface Evaporation

根据武汉市日射站和东湖蒸发站的长期观测资料，对彭曼（Ｐｅｎｍａｎ）、莫顿（Ｍｏｒｔｏｎ）、布德科（）和桑斯维特（Ｔｈｏｒｎｔｈｗａｉｔｅ）公式进行率定，计算水面蒸发量，年结果同２０ｍ２蒸发池的观测值吻合良好．建立气温与空气实际水汽压、气温与蒸发表面饱和水汽压和气温与日照率之间的关系曲线，应用气候学方法估计不同气温条件下的蒸发量以及绝对误差和相对误差．并从５个方面对这些方法进行分析比较．研究结果表明：气温每升高１℃将使蒸发量增加５％．

Based on the long-term therved sotar radiation,cvaporation and metcorologhal beta in Wuban,the Peunman,Morton,Budyko and Thornthwaitc formals are modified and ed to estimate evaporation. The auntal results are well wen with 20m2 evaporation tank measurement data. for term perature versus vapor pressure, saturation vapor prassurc at water surface and sunshine ratio are established respectively.By using the modified formals,evaporations are estimated for given temperatures, and the absolute and relative errors are calculated.The methohs are analyzed and compared from five different aspcts.It is concluded that the evaporation will increase about 5 % per degree Celsius.