词义猜测的过程和猜测所用的知识——伴随性词语学习的个案研究

Word-meaning inferring and types of knowledge contributing to the process of inferring: A case study on incidental vocabulary acquisition

本文对一个日本留学生阅读过程中的词义猜测活动进行了个案分析.本研究采用访谈的方法,让日本留学生Z在阅读文章的同时,标出所有不认识的词语,然后猜测部分他不认识的词语,并说明作该猜测的依据.在阅读中遇到不认识的词语时,Z主要采用两种加工方式进行猜测--提取词语和归纳词义.在猜测时,主要运用了三类五种已有的知识:语内知识(句法知识、构词知识、词语知识)、语际知识(学习者的母语或掌握的其他语言的知识)以及超语言知识(语言以外的有关世界的一般性知识).文章最后讨论了由前词汇加工到后词汇加工的猜测过程.

This study focused on the process of a L2 learner’s inferring of word-meanings in reading. A Japanese-speaking learner of Chinese was interviewed once a week during his three-month study. In the weekly interview, the subject was asked to read an article, and mark all the unknown words. After finishing some reading comprehension exercises, he was asked to infer the meanings of a certain number of the unknown words, and to tell the clues he used while inferring word meanings. The findings of this study are: 1) the process of word-meaning inference mainly involved two strategies: sense selection and sense creation; and 2) three types of knowledge contribute to the subject’s process of word-meaning inferring: intra-lingual knowledge (L2 syntax, word formation and lexicology); inter-lingual knowledge (linguistics of his native language or of other languages); and extra-linguistic knowledge (knowledge in general). In the final part, the author discussed the process of word-meaning inferring from pre-lexical access to post-lexical access.