“对话的不可完成性”质疑——巴赫金对话理论解读与评析:以《檀香刑》为参照对象

Challenges to the Unfinished Characteristic of the Dialogue— The understanding and explication of Bakhtin’s dialogic theory on Tan Xiang Xing

巴赫金的"复调小说"理论是以对话理论为基础的.理解了对话也就理解了问题的全部实质.对话理论首先是一种全新的小说形式和结构方式,它建立在作者与其笔下的主人公的平等地位的基础上.但全新的形式是为了更好地观察全新的社会内容.这就使对话变成了一种主体的存在方式.巴赫金感受和理解的历史和时代就是一种不可完成的、没有终极价值判断的历史和时代.这就是他强调对话的原因,不可完成性也就成了判断对话小说的根本标准.以当代中国作家莫言的<檀香刑>为例,我们看到这种虚无的历史观受到了怀疑和抵制,寻求一个确切的历史立场成为一种选择.因此,对话小说及其理论并不是小说发展史的顶峰,更不是一种非得认同的历史观.

Mikhail Bakhtin's polyphonic novel is based on his dialogic theory. The understanding of dialogue means the understanding of the whole essence of the theory. The dialogic theory based on the equal status of the author and the leading character in a novel introduces a new form and frame of the novel. But the new form is used to make a best observation of the society. It makes the dialogue a way of existence. According to Bakhtin's theory, the history and time is unfinished and without the ultimate value. That is why he emphasizes the dialogue which became the fundamental criterion for a polyphonic novel. From Mo Yan's Tan Xiang Xing(The Torture Using Sandalwood)(《檀香刑》), we find that the windy point of view about history is doubted and rejected and precise historical position becomes a kind of choice. The polyphonic novel, and the theory about it are not the zenithal development of the novel, and the point of view about history is not the only choice without dispute.