水分利用效率——未来农业研究的关键问题

Water Use Efficiency is the Key Research Direction in the Future Agriculture

随着生物节水研究的深入发展 ,让每一滴生产出更多的食物 ,水分利用效率是未来农业研究的关键问题。抗旱、节水和水分利用效率的概念是不同的 ,在不同学科中有不同的研究尺度和层次。不同降水量和水资源地区的抗旱、节水和水分利用效率有不同的研究重点和不同的节水农业发展方向。从被动的耐旱性研究到主动的抗旱性研究再到节水研究 ,在未来必将转向水分高效利用研究。小麦高产育种进化中其水分利用效率有递增的趋势 ,作物抗旱耐旱育种要转向高水分利用效率育种是势在必行的 ,因为高水分利用效率育种 ,可以将抗旱性和丰产性统一于一体。增施肥料是提高大面积中低产田作物水分利用效率和产量的关键措施之一 ,今后应该继续受到全面重视。

As development of biology water saving, getting more food for every drop is the aim in the water saving agriculture, water use efficiency is the key research direction in future agriculture. There is a lot of different concepts among drought resistance, water saving and water use efficiency, there are different research dimensions and aspects in different science studying on drought resistance, water saving and water use efficiency. In the different area with different precipitation and water resource, there are different research key problems on drought resistance, water saving and water use efficiency, and different develop directions of water saving agriculture. From passive drought tolerance research turn to initiative drought resistance research, then turn to water saving research, and will turn to water use efficiency research in future. There is a increase tendency of water use efficiency in wheat evolution of high yield breeding program, so that is must to develop high water use efficiency breeding changed from drought tolerance and drought resistance breeding, because high water use efficiency breeding could combing drought resistance and high yield traits into one new variety. It is should be stressed that more every kinds of fertilizers should be put into low and middle yield field for getting high yield and water use efficiency.