瓷土矿尾矿沙山的生态治理

The Ecology Control of Porcelain Clay Mine of Gangue Sand Hill

以江西省星子县大排岭瓷土矿尾矿沙山的初始生态恢复进程为研究对象,在样地调查的基础上,通过分析人工恢复林地、未治理迹地与自然恢复地中定居的植物物种数量、群落组成与结构来研究当地尾矿沙山生态恢复进程。结果显示,自然恢复地的生物多样性及群落组成与结构效果优于未治理迹地与人工恢复林地的生物多样性及群落组成与结构。自然恢复地植物物种中牡荆等3种植物在尾矿沙山的定居和扩散形成了具有一定组成与结构的植物群落类型,且这种群落类型稳定并符合植被演替的自然规律。这3种先锋植物可以在同类矿山尾矿沙山的植被重建与恢复中推广。

The authors mainly studied the initial ecological recovering process of porcelain clay mine of gangue sand hill of Dapailing in Xingzi Town of Jiangxi Province. On base of the sites investigation, they analyzed the man-made recovering woodland, the non-controlled area, as well as the quantity of plant species, and community composition and structure in the naturally recovering area. The result showed that the effects of biodiversity and community composition and structure were superior to those of non-controlled area and the man-made recovering area. The residence and diffusion of three kinds of plant including Negundo Chastetree, etc. in the naturally recovering area formed the plant community type with certain composition and structure, and moreover the community type was stable and conforms to the nature rule of the vegetation evolution. The three kinds of pioneer plants could be extended to the vegetation reconstruction and recovery of the gangue sand hills of similar mine hills.