温柔敦厚,非诗教也——《诗经》美学风格的考辨

Gentleness and Sincerity is not Poetic Ethics——Test and analysis of esthetics style of The Book of Songs

自古以来,"温柔敦厚"一直被看作是《诗经》的美学风格。但是事实上《诗经》中许多作品的美学风格与"温柔敦厚"是相悖反的。随后文学史上对屈原评价的争议和朱熹"思无邪"新诗教的提出都与上述事实有着紧密的关系。重新审视"温柔敦厚"与《诗经》美学风格,发现二者的系联并非真正的权威可信。通过比较推崇《诗经》的孔子的人格追求与强调温柔敦厚的《礼记》中流露出的汉儒理想人格,或许更能说明"温柔敦厚"与《诗经》美学风格的深层差异。

From time immemorial, gentleness and sincerity were considered as the esthetics style of The Book of Songs. But in fact the esthetics style of many works in The Book of Songs mutually conflict with the one of gentleness and sincerity. Examining a fresh gentleness and sincerity and esthetics style of The Book of Songs , we can find the relation is very untruthful. To probe the difference with the personality pursues of Kongzi and the ideal personality of Ru and Han emphasized in Liji, we can explain the deep layer difference between gentleness and sincerity and esthetics style of The Book of Songs.