欧盟对土耳其民主化的影响

The Influence of the EU in the Democratization Process in Turkey

土耳其是一个特殊的欧洲国家,民主和专制在这个国家的历史上都产生过重要的影响。加入欧盟是土耳其多年来追求的目标,为了实现这个目标,土耳其一直在努力按照欧盟的标准进行改革。欧盟对土耳其提出了严格的或者说是近乎苛刻的要求,其中最重要的是要求土耳其清除军队对国家政治生活的影响,实现政治民主化和国家法治化,这包括尊重人权、言论自由、取消死刑、严禁虐待和酷刑等许多方面。土耳其在政治民主化的进程中取得了巨大的进步,距离欧盟的标准越来越近,而且还在不断加大改革的力度。尽管在加入欧盟的道路上困难重重,但是最终能否加入欧盟,还是取决于土耳其自己。

Turkey is a special European country in that both democracy and autocracy have played very important historical roles. Turkey has been striving for many years to become a member of the EU. To achieve this goal, it has undertaken reforms based on EU standards. The E has proposed very strict and even harsh requirements. The major requirement is the demand that Turkey eliminates the influence of military troops in national political life and realizes political democratization and rule of law, including respect for human rights, freedom of speech, the lifting of the death penalty, and prohibitions against abuse and torture, among others. During the process of political democratization, Turkey has made great progress, reaching close to the standards of the EU, and it is still increasing its reform steps. Despite the many obstacles to joining the EU, whether Turkey will eventually be successful mainly depends on Turkey itself.