小麦新型细胞质雄性不育类型的研究

STUDIES ON THE NEW TYPE OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILE OF WHEAT

从普通小麦中国春细胞核置换到小麦属和山羊草属不同细胞质的同核异质稳定系中，筛选出１０个全不育的细胞质雄性不育类型，对它们一些主要特性的研究结果表明：（１）各不育类型在小孢子败育时期和特点上无显著差异，但雄蕊心皮化频率因细胞质不同差异显著；（２）各不育类型的生长特性、抗病性、光合特性和主要农艺性状等因细胞质不同具有不同的表现；（３）在供试的各不育类型中，拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、阿拉拉特小麦、野生二粒小麦和茹可夫斯基小麦细胞质引起的雄性不育性，其育性较易恢复，Ｆ＿１杂种优势较高，在杂种小麦生产实践中可能具有较大的利用价值。

Ten cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS)type were selected from stable lines with alien cytoplasms which were derived by transferring the nucleus of common wheat──Chinese Spring into different cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops.And we carried out a series of comparative studies on some major characters of these CMS lines.The results were summarized as follows:(1) There was no remarkable difference in the stage and characteristics of microspore abortion, but the effects of different cytoplasms on the frequency of pistillated anthers were notable.(2)The effects of different cytoplasms on some characteristics of CMS lines, such as growth characteristics, disease resistance, photosynthetic characteristics and the major agronomic characters et al,were different.(3)Among these ten sterile types,the male-sterility induced by the cytoplasms of Ae.speltoides,T.araracticum,T.dicoccoides nudigl,T.zhukovskyi were easily restored by some restorer lines, the heterosis of F_1 were high, and there was no other negative effects,Therefore it is possible to utilize them in hybrid wheat production.This work was supported by Nationsl Natural Seience Foundation of China.