探寻满族文化发展的轨迹

A Probe to the Trace of Cultural Development of Manchu

满族的先世可追溯到3000年前的肃慎。金朝灭亡后,原居松花江下游与黑龙江地区的女真,一部分迁徙至辽东一带,以建州女真著称;一部分迁徙至松花江大拐弯处,被称为海西女真。明代女真继承金元两朝后进女真的文化,是为原生态文化。明末,女真各部逐渐统一,在此基础上创建的文化既承继了本民族的固有文化,又深受汉文化的影响,是为次生态文化。清朝建立后,由于驻防、留守需要及八旗生计等问题,满族形成复杂的散居各地的局面,可分为不同的社会群体,由此发展而来的文化是为再生态文化。

The forefather of Man nationality could be traced back to over 3,000 years ago when it was called'Sushen'. After Jin Dynasty,a part of Nuzhen,which originally inhabited in the lower reaches of Songhuajiang river and the region of Heilongjiang river moved to nowadays the east of Liaoning.They were called'Jianzhou Nuzhen'. Another part moved to the elbow region of Songhuajiang river and they were called 'Haixi Nuzhen'. In Ming Dynasty,Nuzhen inherited Nuzhen culture from the former Jin and Yuan Dynasties,and this was called the 'primary culture'. In late Ming Dynasty,tribes of Nuzhen were gradually integrated. The culture of Nuzhen in this period contained both the heritage of Nuzhen and the influence of Han culture.It was called the secondary culture.When Qing Dynasty was established,owing to the fact of the garrison,staying for guarding and the living of the eight 'Qi', Manchu scattered all over the country and divided into different social groups. From then on,the culture of Manchu was called mixed culture.