农村居民收入差距问题研究——基于村庄微观角度的一个分析框架

A Study of the Gap of Income of the Peasants——an Analytic Framework Based on the Micro Observation of Villages

本文首先根据新古典经济学理论,将收入差距问题简化抽象为要素市场的分配问题;然后将农村居民收入差距的影响变量确定为农村居民的要素禀赋和村庄外部市场环境,并分别对这两个变量影响村庄内部和村际收入差距水平、收入差距变化的途径进行了理论分析和阐述;最后通过基尼系数静态分解、基尼系数变化的动态分解分别对村庄内部收入差距和村际间收入差距进行实证分析。实证结果验证了理论分析中所提出来的外部市场环境通过改变收入结构来影响村庄内收入差距变化,以及外部市场环境主要通过改变要素收入集中程度并同时改变收入比重来影响村际间收入差距变化的假说。

First of all, according to neo-classical economics, we have, in this paper, simplified and abstracted the problem of income gap (IG) as the problem of distribution in the factor market; then, located and fixed the variables of the effect of peasant IG as farmer's quality for factors and the market environment out of the village, and analyzed theoretically and elaborated the channel of the effect of the two variables upon the IG within and between villages and upon the change in IG; finally, by the static decomposition of Jinnie's coefficient and the dynamic decomposition of the variation of Jinnie's coefficient, made respectively a case study of the IG within and between the village. The two case studies have verified the hypothesis ventured in our theoretic analyses that it is through the change in income structure that the outside market environment impacts on the change in IG within the village, and that it is mainly through the change in the concentration degree of the factor income and at the same time in income proportion that the outside market environment effects the change in the IG between villages.