汕头市1990～2003年甲型肝炎流行特征分析与免疫策略探讨

Stydy on Epidemic Characteristics and immunity Tactics of Hepatitis A in Shantou city from 1990 through 2003

目的 分析汕头市 1990～ 2 0 0 3年甲型肝炎流行特征 ,为制定预防控制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法 对汕头市甲肝疫苗推广应用前后甲型肝的流行特征进行比较分析。结果推广疫苗前 ,甲肝的发病呈波浪式 ,高峰在 3～ 6月 ,多发年龄为 5～ 9岁组和 2 0～ 2 4岁组 ,职业以学生、散居儿童、工人、农民为主 ;推广应用甲肝疫苗后 ,甲肝的发病呈逐年下降态势 ,高峰仍在 3～ 6月 ,但峰尖变钝 ,2 0～ 4 4岁组发病所占比重增加。结论 随着甲肝疫苗的推广应用 ,甲肝的流行特征已发生变化。今后汕头市预防与控制甲肝流行的主要免疫策略应是对小年龄儿童实施常规免疫接种 ,加速实施对较大年龄儿童的扩大免疫接种。

Objective The epidemic characteristics of hepatitis A in Shantou city from 1990 through 2003 were analyzed with the intention to provide a scientific basis for working out tactics to prevent and control the disease. Methods The epidemic characteristics of hepatitis A before and after administration of the vaccine against the disease in Shantou City were analyzed and compared. Results Before applying the vaccine, the morbidity was in wave, its peak period being from March to June, people aged 5-9 and 20-24 frequently afected, mostly being pupils, students, children living scattered, workers, and peasants. With the application of the vaccine, the incidence of the disease dropped year after year, the peak still from March to June, though less acute, with the age-group between 20 and 24 more frequently affected. Conclusion Owing to the popularization of the vaccine against hepatitis A, the epidemic characteristics of the disease have changed. The future immunity tactics in preventing and controlling hepatitis A lies in routine immune inoculation for small children, and then speeds it up for older ones.