摘要
对于大多数生物来讲，受精是新生命开始的关键。这一课题一直受到学者们的注目。远在一个世纪前，O．Hertwig就发现了海胆(Paracentrotus lividus)的精精、卵原核在卵中融合，并认为这是受精的主要现象。百年来，许多学者在海胆卵上先后做了大量的研究工作，积累了系统的资料。
This article surveys the studies on the changes of sea urchin egg after fertilization. (1) Early phase changes within the first minute and (2) late phase changes after the fifth minute. Also comparisons between the changes threated with sperm, Ca+2 ionophore A23187 and NH4OH are given. In the early phase, membrane depolarization acts fast block to polyspermy. Ca+2 release induces cortical reaction, produces H2O2, accelerates oxygen consumption and activates NAD kinase and lipoxidase. Na+ - H+ exchange gives rise to pH increase inside the egg, hence induces the late phase changes which are increasing of the egg's transportation ability, acceleration of protein synthesis, initiation of DNA synthesis, and the fusing of pronuclears. In brief, Ca+2 controls the early phase changes, and pH controls the late phase changes.
