温度和盐度同缢蛏稚贝存活及生长的关系

THE RELATIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY TO THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF THE SPAT OF SINONOVACULA CONSTRICTA

本文阐述在室内控制的温度和盐度条件下,采用单因子和结合的方法,研究温度和盐度同缢蛏稚贝存活及生长的关系。缢蛏稚贝的适盐范围为4.50‰至28.30％,最适盐度为12.40‰至16.30‰。在25℃时,它对低盐(1.80‰以下)有较强的忍耐住,对高盐度(33.50‰至40.00‰)也有一定的忍耐性。缢蛏稚贝的适温范围为10℃至35℃。但最适温度随盐度的不同而异,若在最适盐度的生境中,它的最适水温为27℃至30℃;如果稚贝在最适盐度以外的适盐范围内,经方差分析表明,它的最适温度是22℃。稚贝对低温(5℃至2℃)有很强的忍耐性,致死温度上限是40℃。缢蛏稚贝对盐度的敏感性,比它对温度的敏感性来得强。在22℃以下的温度组中和最适盐度范围内,盐度与温度的相关性不太明显;而在27℃以上的较高温度和适盐范围的上下极限时,其相关性显著,它们相应的适盐或适温范围明显地变窄。

Single and combined effects of temperature and salinity on the survival andgrowth of spat of the Sinnonovacula constricta(Lamarck) have been studied in labo-ratory. The suitable salinity for survival and growth of spat was in the range of4 .50-28.30%, and the optimum was 12 .40--16 .30%. At 25℃, the spat showed strongtolerance in low salinity (below 1. 80‰),yet it is less tolerent in high salinity (33 .50-40 .00‰). The suitable temperature for survival and growth of spat ranges from 10℃ to35℃, but the optimum temperature varied with salinity. When they were exposed inthe optimum salinity habitat,the optimum temperature was from 27℃ to 30℃ The an-aly sis of variation showed that within suboptimum salinity range, the most suitabletemperature for spat was about 22℃ The spat showed very strong tolerance in lowertemperature (5℃--2℃). The upper lethal temperature of the spat was 40℃. The sensibility of spat to salinity was stronger than that to temperature. As thesalinity was optimum and the temperature was below 22℃, the correlativity of salinityand temperature with the organism was not much evident, yet within the upper andlower limits of suitable salinity and about 27℃ of temperature, the correlativity wassignificant. The range corresponding either to the suitable salinity or to the tempera-ture was obviously narrower.