黑龙江主要水域鲫鱼倍性及其地理分布

THE PLOIDY OF CRUCIAN CARP AND ITS GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN HEILONGJIANG MAIN RIVER

本文对黑龙江主要水域鲫鱼倍性及其地理分布进行了研究和探讨。黑龙江水域不同倍性的鲫鱼在分布上有一定的地区性。黑龙江省西部为2倍体种群分布区;东部、北部和西部一些湖泊为3倍体种群分布区;松花江、牡丹江一带则是3倍体和2倍体种群的混栖分布区。另一个分布的特点是河流类型的水域,一般是2倍体、3倍体种群的混栖区,而湖泊、水库类型水域,则大多是3倍体种群分布区。此外本文还就鲫鱼的分类问题作了讨论。

A study on the ploidy of Carassius auratus and its geographical distribution inHeilongjiang main river was carried out. Specimens were collected from ten differentwaters. In studying the karyotype the method of lymphocyte culture and the air-drying techniqus to prepare examples of cells wese used. The result showed that there are two subspecies of Carassius auratus in Heilong-jiang river system. One is Carassius auratus gibelio (Bioch) with 3n=156. Its Karyo-type consists of chromosomes about m22 pairs, sm 32 pairs, st and t 24 pairs. The sum of Chromosome's arm amounts to 264. The other is C. auratus auratus with 2n=100. The karyotype consists of chromosomes about m 15 pairs, sm 17 pairs, st and t18 pairs. The sum of chromosome's arm amounts to 164. The distribution of ploidyis limited in location. The diploid fish are distributed in Wuyuer river of the Nen-jiang river system and in the marsh lakes surrounding it. The large reservoirs andlakes are the good places for the distribution of triploid fish, while in all of mainrivers and its branchs are tributed the mixture of two types. The origin as well as the classification of Carassius auratus by the view point ofcytology combined with the historical geology are disscussed.