摘要
长江是我国最大的河流。每年，在4月下旬，武汉附近江中开始出现大量鱼苗。这时，沿江的渔业合作社就开始了鱼苗捕捞的工作。所捕得的鱼苗，以湖北而论，除了供应本省养殖之用，还供应其他省份。
The known fishes of the Yang-tze River amount to over 200 species.But each year the fishery for fry is limited to only four species,the so-called“pond-culture fishes”: Mylopharyngodon piceus(Rich.),Ctenopharyngodon idellus(C.& V),Hypophthalmich- thys molitrix(C.&.V.),and Aristichthys nobilis(Rich.).The rest are called“wild fry”,and hitherto have not been utilized by fish culturists.Since Liberation there have been rapid advances,both in method and productivity,in our country in freshwater fish culture,so it has become increasingly difficult to meet the growing demand if supplies of fry are to depend only upon these four species of“pond-culture fishes”.It has become an urgent necessity to augment the number of species for pond culture.The present work has been carried out in accordance with this need.Owing to the careful observation of generations of experienced fishery workers,it is now a common routine to identify the early fry of the four economically important species of Mylopharyngodon,Ctenopharyngo- don,Hypophthalmichthys and Aristicthys.But hitherto it has not been possible to identify most of the“wild fry”.Therefore,in order to select certain of these species for cul- ture,it is first of all necessary to become familiar with the characters and behaviour of each of the species composing the“wild fry”,and these have been described in the pre- sent paper. During the fry producing seasons of 1957 and 1958,“wild fry”were collected from the middle reaches of the Yang-tze near Wuhan.The fry were reared in aquaria, and observations on them were made continuously.The fry were reared to a certain size and the earliest identification characters noted,and later the species were fully identified. Thirty-five species of“wild fry”have now been collected,reared,and their identi- fications verified.These species are:-Coilia sp.,Myxocyprinus asiaticus,Carassius aura- tus,Cyprinus carpio,Luciobrama macrocephalus,Elopichthys bambusa,Squaliobarbus curriculus,Acanthobrama simoni,Xenocypris sp.,Pseudorasbora parva,Coreius cetopsis, Gobio argentatus,Abbottina revularis,Parabramis pekinensis,Megalobrama terminalis, Erythrocuher erythropterus,Parapelecus oligolepis,Hemiculter leucisculus,Rhodeus sp., Acanthorhodeus atranalis,A.taenianalis,Cobitis taenia,Botia sp.?,Parasilurus asotus, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco,Ps.vachellii,Leiocassis sp.,Siniperca chuatsi,Rhinogobius hadropterus,Ctenogobius myxodermus,Mastacembelus sp.,Spheroides ocellatus,and one species each from the two families Hemirhamphidae and Salangidae. In addition to the descriptions of characters and behavious of these species of“wild fry”,the author has made two keys to facilitate field and laboratory identification:one key depends on naked-eye characters,and the other on those which can be made out with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope.These keys are,in fact,supplementary, though the field key will be found adequate in most cases.
