摘要
镜泊湖位于黑龙江省宁安县境内,海拔350米,面积约300平方公里,最大水深约60米,是我国最大的堰塞湖。水生植物主要生于南部和西部的河流、沟涧的入湖处及港湾、湖叉等地段。因底质、水深、透明度等环境不同、植物种类和覆盖度有明显差异。我们根据植物的不同生活型和优势种,划分为下列3个类型和12个群落。挺水植物7个群落:水蒿,芦苇,菰,泽泻+慈菇,大基荸荠,拂子茅+荻,湿苔草+大穗苔草;浮水植物3个群落:两栖蓼,菱,荇菜;沉水植物2个群落:眼子菜,杉叶藻。
Jinpo lake is located in Ning An County of Heilongjiang Province( 44°N, 129°E) at an elevation of 350 metres. It covers an area of about 300 km^2. The maximum water depth of the lake is about 60 m., the transparency ranges 1.7—2.5 m., and ph ranges 6—6.5. Annually, the mean highest water temperature is about 23℃ in July-August, while the lowest, about 1.5℃ in Junuary. This lake is rich in aquatic plantts, which are mainly distributed in the southern and western parts of the lake. Based on a field observation on the life-form and the domination of the species 3 types and 12 communities are determined as follows:1. Erect types :(1) Artemisia selengensis Community.(2) Phragmites communis Community.(3) Zizania caduciflora Community.(4) Alisma orientalie+Sagittaria trifolia Community.(5) Eleocharis kamtschatica Community.(6) Calamagrostis epigejos+Miscanths sacchariflorus Community.(7) Carex humida+Carex rhynchophysa Community.2. Leaf-floating types :(1) Polygonum amphibium Community.(2) Trapa manshurica Community.(3) Nymphoids peltatum Community.3. Submerged types :(1) Potamogeton malaianus+ P. tepperi Community.(2) Hippuris vulgaris Community.The changeable water depth in the lake is thought to have a. great influence upon the sccession of community, about which a discussion is given in the present paper.
