用环境毒物对草鱼组织ATPase的影响作为生态毒理学指标的初步研究

USING THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICANTS ON THE ATPASE ACTIVITY OF GRASS CARP TISSUES AS AN ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INDEX——A PRELIMINARY STUDY

不同季节捕获的草鱼在实验室(16±4℃)驯化3—7天,其鳃ATPase活力在显著性水平为0.05时,不同批鱼无显著差异。离体实验条件下,汞、三氯联苯、直链烷基苯磺酸钠对草鱼组织ATPase的半抑制浓度分别为1.8ppM(肾),1.84ppM(鳃),3.9ppM(鳃);Hg^(2+)对肾的作用大于对鳃的作用。草鱼组织ATPase可作为一项指标用于毒理学研究。

Gill ATPase activities of grass carp were measured by chemical method and the result were subject to single factor analysis of variance. Under normal condition, it was proved that the differences of ATPase of gills from different groups of fish caught at different seasons and acclimated under 16±4℃ for 3 to 7 days were not significant (p<0.05). Then, tests of the effects of Hg^(2+), TCB (trichlorinated biphenyls) and LAS (linear alkyl benzylsulfonate) on ATPase of grass carp tissues In vitro were carried out. The results showed that Hg^(2+), TCB and LAS caused fairly strong inhibition to ATPase of grass carp gills. Satisfactory straight lines were obtained by plotting the probits of inhibition percentage of ATPase against the logarithmic concentration of toxicants. The concentrations required to effect 50% inhibition of Hg^(2+), TCB and LAS to ATPase of grass carp tissues were 1.8 ppm (kidney), 18.4 ppm (gill) and 3.9 ppm (gill), respectively. Enzyme tests also indicated that the sensitivity of kindey ATPase to Hg^(2+) was greater than that of the gill. The reliability of the enzyme preparation used for this experiment was verified on the level of reaction of enzyme to toxicants. The pattern of toxic action was summarized. And probable mechanism of toxicants on ATPase was also discussed. It was proposed that effects of toxicants on ATPase could be used as an index of toxicological assessment.