摘要
船体焊接中常见的总体变形有：船总长缩短、船艏、艉上翘，整体扭转等；局部变形有：船底板、傍板、内底板、甲板、舱壁板、上层建筑(甲板室、驾驶室)中的内外围壁及门、窗等凹凸变形和构件的变形等。船体变形将引起肋板失稳，导致船体结构强度降低；部件和分段在焊接过程中发生的变形将使船体的装配变得复杂和困难；各种板列的凹凸不仅影响船体的美观，而且将影响船舶的航行以及舱内外的机器安装，
Welding deformation has been a main problem in ship building. A series of means to prevent or rectify the deformation have been recommended in this paper, among which the key point is to bring into weldments as less heat as possible and to disseminate the heat as evenly as possible in weldments. As to rectification, this paper provided specific technical means of rectification according to different deformations of different components. The means have been proved to be successful by practice and are paticularly applicable for small or middle-sized fishing boat shipyards.
