大蒜蒜瓣离体繁殖研究

IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF GARLIC CLOVES

以山东苍山大蒜蒜瓣为外植体进行离体培养，在ＭＳ＋ＫＴ＿（１．０）＋ＮＡＡ＿（０．００５）（单位：ｍｇ／ｌ，下同）培养基上，外植体可直接分化出新梢。新梢在ＭＳ＋ＫＴ＿（１．０）＋ＩＢＡ＿（１．０）＋ＮＡＡ＿（２．０）培养基上进行２次继代增殖，然后在Ｂ＿５＋ＢＡ＿（１．０）培养基上进行１次继代增殖，繁殖系数依次为７．６，６．５，４．０。共经１６０～１８０天，单瓣蒜累积繁殖系数可达１６４０。新梢在ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ＿（０．１）＋ＢＡ＿（０．１）培养基上生根率可达８７．５％。在ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ＿（２．０）＋ＢＡ＿（０．０５）培养基上，小鳞茎发生率可达８５．７％。采用有根单鳞茎试管苗移栽，成活率为９２％。细胞学观察表明，该途径保持了原材料的遗传稳定性。

In vitro propagation of garlic cloves was discussed in this paper.Proliferated shoots were produced directly when the garlic cloves pieces of Cangshan were cultured in vitro on the medium MS suplemented with 1.0 mg/L KT and 0.005 mg/L NAA. When the shoots were subcultured twice on the medium MS suplemented with 1.0 mg/L KT,1.0 mg/L IBA and 2.0mg/L NAA,shoots could be proliferated more,Propagation coeffcient was 7.6 and 6.5.Then subcultured on the medium B_5 suplemented with BA 1.0 mg/L,propagation coef-ficient was 4.0.Through the initial culture and three times subculture during 160～180 days,total shoots propagated from one clove were 1640.When the shoots were cultured on the medium MS suplemented with 0.1mg/L BA and 0.1mg/L NAA,rootability got to 87. 5%. Bulblets could be formated on the medium MS suplemented with 2.0mg/L NAA and 0.05 mg/L BA. When plantlets with roots and bulblets were transplanted,the survival rate got to 92%. Cytogenetic analysis on the tube plantlets from different generation showed that there were 16 chromosomes in all single cells observed,no variation was found,So the ge-netic type of primary material was maintained well.