偏、粘和易型非1B／1R小麦雄性不育系研究初报

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON MALE STERILE LINES OF NON 1B/1R WHEAT WITH AE.VENTRICOSA,AE.KOTSCHYI AND AE. VARIABILIS CYTOPLASMS

以偏、粘和易型１Ｂ／１Ｒ稳定全不育系ｍｓ（Ａｅ．ｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓａ）—７７（２）、ｍｓ（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ）—７７（２）和ｍｓ（Ａｅ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ）—７７（２）为不育质核背景，一批优良小麦品种（系）及部分亲本材料为父本，诱导单倍体性和易恢复性为重要选择指标，采用测交、置换回交和转育等方法，并结合细胞学镜检，首次成功地将带有ｒｆｖｌ基因的非１Ｂ／１Ｒ普通小麦栽培品种与偏凸、粘果和易变不育胞质结合，培育出稳定的偏、粘和易型非１Ｂ／１Ｒ全不育系ｍｓ（ｖｅｎ）—９０—１１０、ｍｓ（ｋｏｔｓ）—９０—１１０和ｍｓ（ｖａｒ）—９０—１１０。测交和育性分析结果表明：（１）其不育性主要由一对主效隐性基因控制。（２）从不育系自身完全克服了１Ｂ／１Ｒ不育系产生单倍体的缺点；同时大大提高了其不育性的易恢复性，其不育系与一般只要含有主效恢复基因（Ｒｆｖｌ）的小麦品种（系）测配，凡杂种恢复度大都在８５％～９０％以上。（３）其育性恢复基因分析广泛，一般生产中的非１Ｂ／１Ｒ优良品种（系）都带有它们的主效恢复基因，可以自然恢复系形式恢复其育性。为小麦杂优利用中更广泛采用偏凸、粘果和易变不育胞质来配制杂种，促使和加快杂种小麦选?

The male sterile lines of non 1B/1R wheat with Ae. ventricosa ,Ae.kotschyi and Ae.variabilis cyto-plasms, ms(ven) 77) ,ms(kots) 77(2)and ms(var) 77(2),were used as the genetic back-grounds of sterile cytoplasm-nucleus.Some fine wheat varieties/lines and partial parent materials were served as male parents.Inducing haploidy and easily restoring performance were used as main selec-tion target.Using test crossing,repeated substitution backcrossing,sterility coverting and observing SAT-chromosome number of root poin.The non一1B/1R sterile lines with completely stable sterility,ms(ven) 90 110,ms(kot) 90 110 and ms(var) 90 110,first successfully bred by combina-tion between non 1B/1R nucleus with rfvl gene in cultivar of common wheat and the sterile cyto-plasms of Ae.ventricosa,Ae.kotschyi and Ae. variabilis . The results from test cross and fertility analysis in-dieated that:1) The sterility of these non一1B/1R sterile lines is mainly conditioned by one major re-cessive gene. 2 ) These sterile line progenies all do not induce haploids and completely overcome the shortcoming that the haploid plants are frequently induced at different rate in 1B/1R male sterile lines with Ae. ventricosa,Ae.kotschyi and Ae.variabilis cytoplasms; Meanwhile their easy restoration perfor- mances are much higher and the restoring degree from F_1 between the non-1B/1R sterile lines and themost wheat varieties/lines with major restorer gene (Rfvl) is all over 85%～90%. 3) The restorer re-sources of these non 1B/1R sterile lines are widely spread. Their sterilities are all restored by non-1B/1R fine wheat varieties/lines with Rfvl gene in production as nature restorer lines. It created newfavorable conditions for combining F_1 hybrid using Ae.ventricosa .Ae.kotschyi and Ae. variabilis sterile cy-toplasms widely and puts forward of wheat hybrid breading programme for eomrnertiael use.