细胞质雄性不育陆地棉与海岛棉间杂种优势初步研究

Preliminary Study on Heterosis of Interspecific Hybrid Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum×G.barbadense) Based on Cytoplasmic Male-sterility System

利用棉花细胞质雄性不育系及其恢复系,配制海岛棉与陆地棉种间杂种和陆地棉与陆地棉种内杂种,并以常规棉品种作为对照,比较和研究了两类组合的优势表现。结果表明,利用细胞质雄性不育的海陆种间杂种在株高、果枝数、果节数、单株结铃数和不孕子率上显著地高于陆地棉种内杂种,但单铃重和衣分则显著地低于陆地棉种内杂种,单铃重前者最高为3.3 g,后者最低也有4.7 g。一般地,海陆种间杂种的小区皮棉产量显著低于陆陆种内杂种,但也有个别组合,如海陆1号的皮棉产量,与陆地棉品种中棉所 12 和陆陆种内杂种浙杂 166 没有显著差异。在品质性状方面,海陆种间杂种在长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率和麦克隆值都显著地好于陆陆种内杂种,尤其是长度、比强度和伸长率最高分别达到 35.3 mm、43.6 cN·tex 1 和7.8%。

Study was made on the performance of interspecific (Gossypium hirsutum×G. barbadense) and intraspecific (G. hirsutum×G. hirsutum) hybrid cotton based on cytoplasmic male-sterility system, compared with inbred cultivars. Data showed that interspecific hybrids were significantly higher than intraspecific hybrids and inbred cultivars in height, number of fruit branches, number of fruit nodes, number of bolls and percentage of aborted seeds. However, boll weight and lint percentage were significantly lower, especially for boll weight, the maximum was only 3.3 g for interspecific hybrids, but for intraspecific hybrids, the minimum reached 4.7 g. Generally, lint yield of interspecific hybrids was significantly lower than intraspecific hybrids, but a few of interspecific hybrids presented an acceptable lint yield, for example, there was no significant difference between Hailu No.1 (an interspecific hybrid) and CCRI 12 (a commercial cultivar) or Zheza 166 (an intraspecific hybrid). For fiber properties, interspecific hybrids were significantly better, especially in fiber length, strength and elongation span, the maximum of that was 35.3 mm、43.6 cN·tex^(-1) and 7.8%, respectively.