相对海平面上升的危害与防治对策

HAZARDS OF RELATIVE SEA LEVEL RISE AND COUNTERMEASURES

相对海平面上升已成为中国沿海地区海洋地质环境灾害之一。本文在有关学者以往研究工作的基础上,对中国相对海平面上升所造成的危害作了进一步探讨,并提出一系列防治对策。相对海平面上升能够在沿海地区造成海岸侵蚀、风暴潮灾害加剧、海水入侵、水资源和水环境遭到破坏、沿海低地被淹、防汛工程功能降低等诸多灾害。为了减缓这些灾害,采取一定的防治对策是十分迫切和必要的,其中加强海平面变化监测和科学研究是基础,提高海堤标准、加强海堤管理与保护、施行海滩人工喂养是关键,此外还要辅以公众意识的提高。

Relative sea level rise has become one of the geological environmental hazards in the coastal areas in China. This paper discusses the hazards of relative sea level rise in China and puts forward a series of relevant countermeasures. The hazards induced by relative sea level rise include: coastal erosion, acceleration and increasing frequency of storm surge, salinity intrusion, quality degradation of drinking water, coastal lowland inundation, and decrease of function of the coastal defense projects. In order to alleviate these hazards, adopting appropriate countermeasures is urgent and necessary. Monitoring of the sea levels and scientific research are basic of protect countermeasures , and strengthening sea-walls and improving their management and protection, applying beach nourishment are the key countermeasures.