映山红对山羊的毒性研究

A Study on the Toxicity of Azalea to Goats

每天按５．０ｇ／ｋｇ体重或０．０１８６ｇ／ｋｇ体重给山羊灌服映山红枝叶或其毒素粗提物，连续２～３天均可引起急性中毒和死亡，中毒山羊的主要临床症状有剧烈呕吐，流涎，食欲废绝，便秘，呼吸困难，肌肉无力，心率先减慢而后心动过速；心电图显示初期窦性心动过缓，室性期前收缩，随后发生心房纤颤和心动过速；临床病理学检查表明，血液红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积、血清谷丙转氨酶、血清谷草转氨酶和血清乳酸脱氢酶活性，均有不同程度升高；病理学检查发现大脑、小脑、脊髓、心、肝、肾、肾上腺和小肠淤血、出血、变性甚至坏死，肺淤血和水肿，以及大脑、肝、肾上腺等器官的小静脉和血窦中形成微血栓。应用阿托品、活性炭、补充水和电解质对映山红中毒的山羊有一定治疗效果。

The goats which are dosed orally with azelea(5. 0g/kg body weight daily)for 2 or 3days,or the crude extract of the toxic extract of the plant(0.01 86g/kg body weight daily)for 3 days,could be acutely poisoned and even to death.The clinical signs include mental depression,severe vonliting, hypersalivation,complete anorexia,constipation,dyspnea staggering movement,contracted pupils,bradycardia,arrhythmia and /or tachycardia,ECG shows that sinus bradycardia,presystolic contraction of the ventricle, followed by a trial fibrillation and tachycardia.Cinicopathologic changes show that Hb, RBC,PCV and certain serum enzymes(SGOT, SGPT andSLDH)activity increase in varying degrees. Cardiac dilation, severe pulmonary congestion andedema,and abdominal viseeral congestion are observed at necropsy,Histopathologically,congestion,small hemorrhage,microthrombois,massive degeneration and focal necrosis have been obeerved in kidney,1iver,heart,small intestine and other organs, similar changes are also detected in the central nervous system.Pathological changes in liver,heart and kidney observed under electronic microscupes confirm the light microscopical observations,Therapeutical trial is also conducted,and the resultssuggest that the treatment of poisoned goat gy the administration of large dose of artropine,activitedcharcoal and electrolyte solution would be of limited practical value, At last,the mechanism by which the plant causes toxicity in goats is discussed briefly in this paper.