南美藜在西藏的生物学特性表现

THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF QUINOA, Henopdium quinoa Willd IN TIBET

对５８份南美藜原种材料在西藏林芝地区的生物学特性表现，进行了系统的观察研究。这些材料引自４０°Ｓ～２°Ｎ，平原至海拔４０００ｍ地域范围的南美五个国家。根据生育期长短及对水份的需求情况，将材料分成３大类型，Ⅰ、早熟干旱型；Ⅱ、中熟灌溉型；Ⅲ、晚熟河谷型。生育期分五个阶段进行观察记载：苗期、显序期、开花期、灌浆期、成熟期。并对根、茎、叶、花等性状，在西藏的表现作了较详细的观察。本试验所有的参试材料在西藏都能正常开花结实，但中、晚熟材料在西藏不同海拔地区生育期长短不同；分枝习性差异较大。南美藜苗期抗霜冻性强，大部分材料冻害萎蔫起点温度≤－５．５℃，致死起点温度≤－９．０℃。１９９３年，在连作的试验田里发现有４种真菌病害：叶斑病、茎枯斑病、茎褐腐病、霜霉病和１种病毒病。

Quinoa, a high land crop that domesticated in Andes of South America, was introduced to Tibet in 1988. UP to 1993, over 60 cultivars were studied. The results showed that all the introduced varieties flowered and fruited. This paper also reported the biological characteristics of quinoa including root, stem, leaf, flower,fruit and resistance to frost, drought and diseases.