广西稻种系统分类研究──Ⅱ广西稻种酯酶同工酶分析

ANALYSIS OF EST ISOZYME IN GUANGXI LOCAL RICE

对１１９０份广西稻种作ＥＳＴ同工酶分析，共出现４７种酶谱１４条酶带，表明其遗传多样性。这在稻种分类和利用研究上有重要地位和意义。广西稻种主酶谱是１５８１１Ａ和１２３４α６８１０Ａ；酶带中４α出现较多，而西南亚及其他地区品种中出现较多的１３Ａ及４Ａ则出现较少；粳稻比籼稻更具酶的多样性，且有１６个粳稻红米品种出现普遍野生稻特有的１４Ａ，显示出广西稻种的特色。分析结果表明，籼粳有明显的特征酶带，可兹区分为两个亚种；早稻与晚稻、粘稻与糯稻之间则无明显的特征带可兹区别，他们的分类地位应在籼粳亚种之下；光壳稻均具有粳稻特征带，应属粳亚种。品种类群谱型的聚类分析显示光壳稻与普通粳稻有一定距离，籼糯、陆籼和深水稻与早晚籼之间的距离较大，可利用其中的优良种质作杂交亲本以拓宽育种的遗传基础。

Abstract The Est isozyme analysis for 1190 of Guangxi local rice varieties presented a total of 47 zymogram patterns which included 14 isozyme bands. It indicated the genetic diversity and important position of Guangxi localrice. The Principal zymogram patterns of Guangxi local rice were 1, 5, 8, 11A and 1, 2, 3, 4￣α, 6, 8, 10A. The band 4￣αA appeared more than that of others,but the bands 13A and 4A,which appeared principally in the rice of Southwest Asia, were less in Guangxi local rice. The band 14 A, which was Peculiar to O. rufipogon, appeared in 16 varieties of red rice Keng (Japonica). Hsien (Indica) and Keng had respective peculiar isozyme bands (Hsien had 11A and 5A, Keng had 10A and 6A). As there were no distinct peculiar isozyme bands for classification the early rice and late rice, and the Zhen (nonglutinous)and Nuo (glutinous) rice,their classified place was considered under Hsien and Keng subspecies. Glabrous rice was classified into Keng subspecies for it had the peculiar isozyme bands of Keng. Keng presened more enzyme diversity than Hsien do in Guangxi local rice. The cluster analysis of zymogram pattern in variety groups indicated that there was a certain distance between glabrous rice and common Keng, and the distance between early rice and late rice was not obvious, but the distance was more obvious as compared with Nuo-hsien, dryland Hsien and deep water rice. It was favourable to utilize the germplasms of glabrous rice, Nuo Hsien, dryland rice and deep water rice in the future breeding program.