评价与风险管理技术在天然气净化装置大修中的应用

APPLICATION OF EVALUATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN OVERHAUL OF PURIFICATION PLANT

由于净化装置工艺和设备的复杂性、物料的易燃易爆和有毒有害性、施工作业种类繁杂和立体交叉性,客观上存在火灾、爆炸、中毒、高处坠落等事故高发隐患,因此,净化装置大修是各类事故的高发期。在大修中应用危险源辨识及风险评价技术,是QHSE体系运行的最直接的目的,而风险的正确、科学评价和有效管理是达到此目的的关键。文章结合天然气净化装置生产的特点和装置大修的现场实际,阐述了评价与风险管理理论在渠县净化装置大修中的应用过程。按照“横向到边,纵向到底”的原则,运用一般作业风险评价方法(LEC法)介绍了风险管理方案的编制与实施的具体要求和步骤,对装置大修风险管理的运用情况用现场事例进行了说明,依据可引发事故的基本事件提出了装置大修中的安全防范措施,并对应用情况进行了评价。

The quota system of oil/gas production test engineering has been preliminary formed, which plays some role on the regular management for the working sequence and time, the consumption and expense quota, the budget estimates, budget and settlement of production test engineering. But the system has the following problems: (1) It is difficult to predict the working amount and there is big difference between the budget and the settlement; (2) The quota is determined by constants before test, which can't be used for budget and settlement; (3) Matching management measures are not made for the budget estimates, budget and settlement of the engineering; The quota applying behavior is not regulated. The settlement mechanism with price is not formed; (4) The quotas of some working sequence and time, consumption and expense can't be calculated accurately because of multiple factors; (5) The working contents of production test are not defined. So, it is suggested: (1) The working sequences of production test should be defined clearly including the working contents; (2) The working sequence should be classified to the working sequence with power and the working sequence without power; (3) As for the engineering before test, the budget estimates indexes are used to make the budget estimates. The quota budget standards of works are used for the budget and settlement; (4) As for the budget of production test engineering, the cycle of 'production testing layer'is used to calculate the cycle and cost; As for the settlement, based on the working sequence quota, the verification method of operation orders and the field signature methods of supervisors are used to settle the cycle and cost of production test respectively. The working sequence and time with power and the working sequence and cycle without power should be calculated separately; (5) The information platform of price should be set up for settlement with price.