库恩的“范式”与中国当代文学理论

Kuhn's “Paradigm” and Literary Theory of Modern China

“范式”是托马斯·库恩在《科学革命的结构》中用以阐述科学发展的概念,具有强烈的科学哲学色彩。姚斯用之研究西方文论,形成明晰的新视界。从范式角度看中国当代文学理论,具有较大的启示意义。所谓文学理论范式,是文学理论体系中较为稳定的特色化形态,体现为一种理论思维方式及与之相伴随的理论成果。由此考察2 0世纪中国文学理论,变动与芜杂之中,只有一个相对明确的范式存在,即社会-历史批评。它决定着2 0世纪中国文论历程,影响着当前文学理论建构。在促成新的文学理论范式的努力中,必须注重形成切近中国社会与中国文学的观念与综合融汇的方法。如果仅跟随西方文论。

The “Paradigm”,a concept with strong scientific philosophical color,is the concept used by Thomas.S.kuhn in his works,the Structure of Scientific Revolution,to inteprete the scientific development.It will bring us much enlightment to view the literary theory of modern China from the “Paradigm”point of view.The so-called “Paradigm”is a relatively stable characterized state in the literary theory system,which embodies a type of theoretical thought mode and its theory.Therefore,in the changeable and complicated literary theory in China of the 20th centry,there is only one relatively clear“Paradigm”——the social-historic criticism,which decides the literary criticism development of the 20th centry in China and affects the present construction of literary theory.During the attempt to form the new literary theory in China,it is necessary to form one approach which fits into the society and literature of China.The literary theory in China will fall into a more complicated and aimless state if we merely follow the western literary theory.