春小麦花药单倍体植株染色体加倍技术初探

Technique of Chromosome Doubling for Haploid of Anther Culture in Spring Wheat

为了提高春小麦花药单倍体植株的加倍效率,对参试的春小麦材料的花药愈伤组织和再生植株根系分别进行了以下处理:(1)在脱分化培养基中分别加入五种浓度的秋水仙碱:0.02‰、0.05‰、0.1‰、0.3‰、0.5‰;(2)用0.2%和0.05%的秋水仙碱浸泡再生植株根系各5h和15h。结果表明,在脱分化阶段经秋水仙碱处理后愈伤组织生长缓慢,植株再生能力较差,甚至部分褐化死亡;再生植株的浸根处理无论是用高浓度还是低浓度的秋水仙碱,长时间浸泡根系后均会导致大部分再生植株夭亡。用0.2%的秋水仙碱溶液浸泡再生植株根系5h后,将其移栽温室,平均结实株率为45.9%,比对照结实株率(13.2%)提高了32.7个百分点。说明高浓度秋水仙碱短时间浸泡再生植株根系加倍效果较好。

To increase chromosome doubling frequency of haploid in wheat anther culture. The callus and regenerative plants were treated with colchicines as follows: 1) Five (different) (concentration) of colchicine [0.02‰, 0.05‰, 0.1‰, 0.3‰ and 0.5‰] were added in the callus (differentiation) medium; 2) Roots of (regenerative) plant were soaked in 0.2% and 0.05% colchicine (solutions) for 5 hours and 15 hours (respectively). The result showed that the treated callus grew slowly and had poor (regeneration) and survival rate, even some browing calli died. Long time soaking the roots of (regenerative) plant with colchicine (soluion) (resulted) in the death of most plants whatever high or low colchicines concentrations, but short time of colchicine treatment showed a better result. Soaking roots of (regenerative) plant in 0.2% colchicines (solution) for 5 hours average 45.9% of seed setting could be achieved, and it is 32% higher than that of untreated check (13.2%).