氮素运筹对两种穗型小麦品种品质及产量性状的效应

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality Traits of Two Different Spike-type Wheat Cultivars

在大田条件下选用两个不同穗型冬小麦品种豫麦66和豫麦49为试验材料,研究了氮素运筹对其产量及与面条品质有关的小麦品质性状的影响。结果表明,大穗型品种豫麦66在本试验施氮范围内,随施氮量的增加品质性状得到改善,而多穗型品种豫麦49以225kg·hm-2处理品质性状最好,超过225kg·hm-2时品质性状变差。两品种的产量表现趋势相同,在0～225kg·hm-2范围内随施氮量的增加而增加,超过225kg·hm-2反而减产,但从经济效益上看,豫麦66以150kg·hm-2处理最好。两品种比较,豫麦66除高峰粘度低于豫麦49外,其它品质性状均较优,但产量表现较低。氮素供应对豫麦49高峰粘度、弱化度、千粒重及产量影响较大;而豫麦66沉淀值、稳定时间及拉伸面积等品质性状的氮素调控效应较为明显。因此,氮素运筹应综合考虑品质指标、产量水平及品种类型。

Two winter wheat varieties with large spike and multi-spike, Yumai 66 and Yumai 49, were (selected) to study effects of nitrogen application on yield and quality traits related to noodle. The results (indicated) that increase of nitrogen resulted in better quality for Yumai 66, quality of treatments with 225 kg·hm^(-2) N was better while quality of treatments with 300 kg·hm^(-2) N was worse for Yumai 49. Yield of two cultivars had same trends, grain yield rised with the increase of pure nitrogen from 0 kg·hm^(-2) to 225 kg·hm^(-2), while yield of treatments with 300 kg·hm^(-2) N was lower, and efficiency of 150 kg·hm^(-2) was best for Yumai 66. In comparison with Yumai 49, peak viscosity and yield of Yumai 66 were lower, but other quality traits were better. Nitrogen application had a strong effect on peak viscosity, (softening), 1000-kernal weight and yield for Yumai 49, which was good to improve yield and partial quality traits, and effects of nitrogen application on sedimentation, extension area and stability time were great for Yumai 66, so some quality traits can be improved by applied nitrogen according to special need of noodle traits.