小麦玉米不同种植模式的比较研究

Comparison of Different Cropping Patterns in Wheat and Maize

采用单因素随机区组设计,比较了小麦玉米不同种植模式的优劣,以期探讨种植模式对小麦玉米农艺性状及小麦生态效应的影响。结果表明,群体产量表现为20+40(cm)模式>120+80(cm)模式>沈单10号玉米单作>唐抗5号玉米单作>复种>小麦单作,不同种植模式间产量差异极显著;通过对不同种植模式下小麦和玉米农艺性状的分析,20+40(cm)模式、120+80(cm)模式小麦的生物产量、株高、节间长、茎基宽、穗长、小穗数、粒重、粒数高于小麦单作;套种玉米株高、穗位高、茎基宽、穗重、穗粒重低于单作玉米。小麦群体生态效应测定结果表明,20+40(cm)模式的通风透光条件优于120+80(cm)模式和单作,不同种植模式温度的高峰期均出现在12:00～14:00之间,而20+40(cm)模式(cm)、120+80(cm)模式的顶层温度>活动层>基部,单作小麦基部温度>活动层>顶层。

The advance and disadvance between different (patterns), the effect of (cropping) (patterns) on the traits of (crop) of wheat and maize and (ecological) effects was analysed by the design of single (factors) and (randomized) blocks. The results showed that the yield order was 20+40(cm) >120+80(cm) >(Shendan 10)>Tangkang 5>replanting>wheat. There were significant difference between different (cropping) (patterns). Through analyzing the traits of (crop) (under) the different (cropping) (patterns), the (biological) yield, plant height, internode length, base stem width, spike length, spike number, grain weight per spike and grain number per spike of wheat (under) 20+40(cm) (pattern) and 120+80(cm) (pattern) are higher than that (under) monoculture obviously; and plant height, ear height, base stem width, ear weight and grain weight per ear of maize (under) (intercropping) are lower than that (under) monoculture. The colony (ecological) effects in wheat were studied, the results showed that the conditions of wind and light in the (pattern) of 20+40(cm) were better than that of 120+80(cm) and (monoculture). The (temperature) peak times of all (cropping) (patterns) were at 12:00～14:00, and the (temperature) distribution of the (patterns) 20+40(cm) and 120+80(cm) was top>active layer>basal layer, however, the (temperature) distribution of (monoculture) wheat was basal layer>active layer>top.