二战后美国基础科学教育改革中的创造理念

Creative Ideas in (Post-WWⅡ) American Education Reforming of Fundamentals of Science

以第二次世界大战后美国的三次基础科学教育改革为研究背景,以科学过程和科学产品的学习与教学为切入点,考察了渗透在美国基础科学教育中的创造理念。这些理念主要表现在四个方面:以灵活的形式和方法培养学生的科学思维;把科学运作过程的真实面目呈现给学生;培养学生用不同的方法学习科学概念和原理;探究式教学不是惟一行之有效的教学法。这些方面的创造理念以及现实的科学教育经验对我国的基础科学教育具有一定借鉴意义。

Based on the psychological research focusing on the teaching-learning interaction in the educational process of fundamentals of science, how the creative ideas permeated the process in USA is explored, which had been reformed for three times after the World WarⅡ. The creative ideas were mainly embodied in the four fields as below. Cultivate and develop flexibly students' mode of thinking. Show truly the students how the scientific phenomena occur, develop or evolve. Help students to learn scientific concepts and principles in deferent ways. Don't take inquiry method as the only effective way in teaching. The ideas as above and other experience got from actuality are worthy to absorb and discuss for China's education of fundamentals of science.