膜下滴灌技术对新疆绿洲农业持续发展的效应

Effects of drip irrigation underneath mulching film on sustainable oasis agriculture in Xinjiang

膜下滴灌已在新疆绿洲大面积推广,应用于棉花、加工番茄、瓜果、蔬菜等作物。分析了膜下滴灌的6大突出优势。表明:膜下滴灌比常规灌溉可节水35%～50%,增产18.4%～39.0%,水分生产率提高约1.8倍,效益显著;可提高土地利用率3%～5%,节省农机作业量25%,提高棉田管理定额3.3倍。同时,膜下滴灌对绿洲生态环境改善,产业结构调整和农民收入显示了重要作用,具有广阔的应用前景和持续发展的潜力。

Drip irrigation underneath mulching film has been widely extended to cotton, processing potato, melon and fruits and vegetables in the oasis regions of Xinjiang. Comparing with traditional drip irrigation, the paper analyzes the six prominent advantages and points out that the drip irrigation underneath mulching film saves irrigation water by 35%~50%, increase crop yields by 18.4%~39.0%, raises water productivity as much as about 1.8 times and thus produces a remarkable economic return. Meanwhile, the irrigation plays an important role in improving environment adjusting industrial structure and farmers' income in the oasis regions and thus has a wide prospect of use and potentials of sustainable development in future.