1991-2001年南昌市土地利用/覆被变化特征研究

LAND USE/COVER CHANGE IN NANCHANG CITY IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1991 AND 2001

土地利用／覆被变化是区域变化的重要组成部分,是短时期内人类活动对自然环境改造的显著表现形式。南昌市地处京广线和沿海地区之间,属于经济欠发达地区的省会城市。近年来,社会经济发展迅速,城镇化进程明显加快,土地利用变化显著。利用1991-2001年南昌市土地详查和变更数据,分析南昌市土地利用／覆被变化特征,其基本结论有:(1)土地利用类型构成以耕地、水域和林地为主;(2)建设用地增幅显著,而耕地数量则呈下降态势,土地利用结构的变化与城镇的发展密切相关;(3)从土地利用程度看,不论是单项指标指数还是综合指数。南昌市均高于全国平均水平;(4)从时间序列看,南昌市土地利用／覆被的多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐增大,而优势度指数逐渐减小,指数变化的趋势还表现为前一时期(1991-1996年)比后一时期(1996-2001年)要大,这表明土地利用／覆被的破碎化程度持续加强,但后期的加强程度呈弱化趋势。

Land use/cover change is an important part of regional change and an obvious form of anthropo-genetic effects. Nanchang City is one of developing regions between Beijing-Guangzhou economic belt and coastal regions. In recent years, the contradiction between human and land use is becoming serious with the rapid development of economy. Based on data of land use/cover change, this paper has studied the characters of land use/cover change in Nanchang city, and the conclusions are given as follows: (1) The pattern of land use is mainly composed of cultivated land, water areas and woodland; (2) There is an increase in construction land and a decrease in cultivated land, so land use change of structure is closely related to urbanization; (3) Both the index of the individual event and comprehensive index in Nanchang City are higher than the average level in China; (4)During the period between 1991 and 2001, land use/ cover diversity index and fractal dimension strengthened gradually. The trend in the change between 1991 and 1996 was obviously bigger than between 1996 and 2001, but enhancement tendency is weakening at the latter period.