应用DEA分析农户对退耕还林政策实施的响应

APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS IN EVALUATING FARMERS RESPONSES TO THE CONVERSION OF HOUSEHOLD CULTIVATED LAND TO FOREST OR GRASS LAND

退耕还林政策实施面临改善农村生态环境、调整农业生产结构和增加农民收入等多项目标,其实施过程是政府和农户水土保持行为共同作用的过程。农户水土保持行为关系到退耕还林的水土治理效果的实现程度。通过建立退耕还林政策和农户水土保持行为指标体系,以及应用DEA(DataEnvelopmentAnalysis,数据包络分析)模型,以江西省丰城市的梅林镇、湖塘乡和尚庄镇的农户调查数据为基础,对区域退耕还林政策实施的农户水土保持行为响应进行分析。结果表明不同区域和同一区域的不同农户具有不同的特点。个体差别:梅林镇15户农户、湖塘乡14户农户、尚庄镇14户农户的水土保持行为属于积极响应型,农户兼业化水平和家庭核心化水平较高是区域的共同特点,分别占各乡镇调查农户的25.86％、24.14％、24.14％,其余旁观响应型、补偿消极型、补偿年限消极型、实施力度消极型、综合消极型,以补偿消极型为主。区域差别:梅林镇和湖塘乡补偿消极型农户明显多于尚庄镇,而尚庄镇旁观响应型比重较高,这与区域社会经济发展背景有关,梅林镇在区位上优于其他乡镇,经济较为发达,农户的非农收入水平较高,兼业化程度也高于其他乡镇。据此,提出了相关政策和水土流失治理建议。

The process to converse cultivated land to forest or grassland is intended to improve ecological environment and to increase earnings of farmers. The response of different farmers is related to the degree of soil and water conservation in a region. Taking Fengcheng county in Jiangxi province as an example, this paper built a model, named as data envelopment analysis (DEA)based on the questionnaire obtained from household farmers to evaluate farmer's response to the introduction of this conversion policy. It is found that household farmers behaviour in water and soil conservation is different from one area to another. The validity of DEA in three regions studied differed, being at 25. 86%,24. 14%and 24. 14%,with the major reasons identified as the non-agricultural earnings and the compensation of the introduction of this conversion policy. Shangzhuang town has the advantages in introducing this policy as it has a higher non-agricultural income. Several advices were proposed in this paper in order to better introduce this policy.