拯救与逍遥:作为心灵史的文学史——对新时期文学思潮发展的一种反思与构想

Saving and Unconstrained: the Literature History as the History of Soul

文学史不应该仅仅是史料的堆砌 ,文学史家应该在冰冷的史料背后发现历史发展的有机性 ,进而探讨文学思潮的精神演进的客观规律。从精神角度来考察 1 976年以来中国文学的发展 ,就会发现一条隐约可循的共同的精神———心灵渐进模式 ,即从拯救到逍遥的曲线发展。本文从传统的回归与延续、乌托邦精神的欢歌、怀疑的诞生及“亵渎与逍遥”四个侧面考察了新时期中国文学思潮的精神历程 ,分析了这一精神历程得以达成的现实诱因和主观条件 ,同时指出 :对作为创作个体的作家来说 ,这一轨迹意味着作家的创作媚俗而多变 ,鲜有恒长的精神主题 ,也缺乏内在的逻辑线索 ;它最终决定了中国文学精神的无限循环 ,也决定了我们时代文学的悲剧命运。

The literature history should not only be the stacking of historical data, literature historians should find out the organic of the history development behind the historical materials and go further inquire into the objective disciplinarian of the literature spiritual evolution. Inspecting the development of Chinese literature after 1976 from the respect of spirit, a faint mode of spirit-soul can be found, that is a tortuous development from saving to unconstrained. This thesis inspects the spiritual course of the Chinese literature trends in the New Period from four aspects: the returning of tradition, the merry singing of Utopia spirit, the naissance of suspicion and 'blasphemous and unconstrained'. It analyzes the objective conditions and subjective reasons of this spiritual course, and also points out that to the writers who are the creative individuals, this course means the writers' works pander to the public and levity, seldom having unvarying motifs and lacking intrinsic logical clues; it ultimately induce the limitless circulation of Chinese literature spirit and the traffic destiny of the literature in our times.