开封农村地区新生儿乙肝疫苗接种管理模式评价

An Evaluation of Management Mode of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Neonatals in Rural Areas of Kaifeng

目的 探索适合开封农村地区新生儿乙肝疫苗接种管理模式 ,为新生儿乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫后提供管理经验。 方法 于 1997～ 2 0 0 2年选择开封县开展了“以政府领导、部门配合、广泛宣传、强化培训、规范程序、建立考核制度”的管理模式研究。 结果 实施后的第一年 ,新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率就由实施前的 2 9.3 2 %提高到 89.0 7% ,第二年和第三年又分别提高到 94.3 4%和 95 .0 9%。经放射免疫法检测 2 70名接种新生儿乙肝疫苗的儿童 ,免疫后 1～ 3年的抗-HBs阳性率为 81.1%。 2 0 0 0年在开封农村全面推广 ,到 2 0 0 2年开封农村地区新生儿乙肝疫苗平均接种率由推广前的2 8.63 %提高到 96.11% ,其差别有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论 该管理模式易于操作 ,便于推广 ,投资少 ,见效快 ,是适合农村地区新生儿乙肝疫苗接种的管理模式。

Objective To probe into a management mode suitable to neonatal hepatitis B vaccination in rural areas of Kaifeng, and provide experiences for management of Hepatitis B vaccination after its involvement in immunization program. Method Select kaifeng county as study subject, who had developed a management mode as “governmental leadership,de-partment coordination, wide-spread mobilization, standardized procedure and evaluation system” in 1997～2002 Result In the first year of implementation, the vaccination rate of neonatal hepatitis B increased from 29.32%of pre-implementation to 89.07%, and 94.34%, 95.09% at the 2nd and 3rd year respectively. The RIA to 270 neonatals vaccinated with Hepatitis B shows that the positive anti-HBs rate in 1～3 years after immunization is 81.1%. Since this mode was spread in rural areas of kaifeng in 2000, the neonatal vaccination rate of Hepatitis B increased from 28.63% before the spread of the mode to 96.11% in 2002, demonstrating a significant difference (P<0,01), Conclusion This Hepatitis B vaccination mode for neonatals is operative, cost-effective, and worth to be spread in rural areas.