浅谈耗散结构和非平衡态热力学

SUPERFICIAL VIEW ON DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURE AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS

具体说明了几个耗散结构的实例，综合对比了耗散结构与平衡结构的异同，并概括介绍了耗散结构的概念以及其生成条件。由闭系平衡态的摘产生和熵生率入手，借助局域平衡假设，从开系的平衡态进入线性非平衡态，讨论了不可逆过程唯象定律Ｏｎｓａｇｅｒ倒易关系、熵生率最小原理及该原理作为稳定性判据的不足．最后，提到了一般演化判据和非线性非平衡态热力学中讨论系统稳定性的办法。

Some examples of dissipative structure are explained. The similarity and the difference between the dissipative structure and the equilibrium structure is compared comprehensively. The concept of dissipative structure as well as the condition of its formation is generally introduced. Then, beginning with entropy generation and entropy production (rate of entropy generation), with the help of the hypothesis of local equilibrium, the ear non-equilibrium state in open system being step into from the equilibrium state, the summarizing of the phenomenological laws of irreversible processes, Onsager's reciprocal relations, the principle of minimum entropy production, as well as the inadequacy of this principle as differentiate-base for stability is discussed. At last, the general evolution differentiate-base and the means for discussing the stability of system in non -linear- non -equilibrium thermodynamics are involved.