论王安石议政咏物诗

A Brief Analysis on the Poem of singing of things about Discussing Politics in Wang An Shi’s Works

议政诗是王安石诗歌成就的重要方面。其中, 以咏物诗议政是他经常采用的艺术方式之一。前人有寓意的咏物诗, 多寄托人生感慨、生活际遇或自身品格等; 王安石则把咏物直接而广泛地带入议政领域, 既拓展了咏物诗的艺术功能, 又丰富了议政诗的艺术手段。其主要手法, 一是“说开去”, 即抓住所咏之物与所议之政可相联系的特点, 由说物引申到议政, 其“联系”又可分为直接型与间接型两类。二是暗喻, 即诗的文面只是咏物, 不露议政, 但由于诗中物的特点、此物与他们的关系、对物的主观感受等条件的限定,“物理”自然与某种“政理”暗合, 在联想的艺术机制作用下, 暗中形成议政的语境。

The poem of discussing politics is one of the most important achievements in Wang An Shi’s Works of poems,and singing of things is often adupted among them.Wang An Shi is different from his older generation.The senior poets usually placed deep feeling of life,experience of life and oneself’s character on the poems of singing things,but Wang An Shi directly brings the poem of singing things into the fields of discussing politics for not only developing the artistic effects but also enriching the artistic skills. There’re two important means of artistic expression.One is “extend”.The poet extends the singing of things to discussing politics with the connection between things and politics,and the“connection”is divided into direct type and indirect type.The other is “hidden metaphor”.The poet doesn’t discuss politics apparently but sings of things.In fact,the poem is formed discussing politics linguistic environment liddenly by the association.