试析“のだ”的语用功能

On pragmatic functions of “NODA”

复合助动词“のだ”频繁用于谈话中,根据说话人与听话人的关系及语境,“のだ”句或表示说话人的判断;或对状态、事件进行说明;或用于劝诱、命令、确认等场合,即表现为“解释说明的语境”、“推测、判断的的语境”、“疑问形式的语境”等等。因而必须将说话人所处的语境作为辨别语义的前提条件。

The compound auxiliary verb “NODA” frequently appears in conversations. Based on the relation between the speakers as well as the context, 'NODA' bears the following functions: the speculation of the speaker; the exposition and explanation of the state or event; the occasions of persuasion, commanding and confirmation, etc. That is, the contexts of exposition, speculation, and questions are demonstrated. Therefore, the context of the speaker should be considered as the presupposition of distinguishing semantic functions.