大型桥梁健康监测研究进展

Research Progress Made on the Health Monitoring for Large-type Bridges

回顾桥梁健康监测的发展历程。介绍桥梁健康监测系统的组成、监测内容功能及特点。对信号分析与处理的传统谱分析方法与小波变换、希尔波特黄变换(Hilbert Huang)进行比较。介绍最新的信号时频分析方法希尔波特黄变换的具体算法,及其在结构参数识别、损伤识别、消除实测南京长江大桥应变信号中的对讲机干扰等方面的具体应用。对动力指纹分析法、模型修正与系统识别法、神经网络法、遗传算法5种损伤检测方法的基本原理、特点及发展动态进行概述和总结,指出神经网络技术结合遗传算法是结构损伤检测的发展方向之一。

The development history of health monitoring for bridges are briefly reviewed. The components, monitoring contents, functions and characteristics of the health monitoring system for bridges are introduced. Traditional spectrum analysis methods of signal and processing used in health monitoring are compared with wavelet transform and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). Their characteristics and scopes of application are concluded respectively. In addition, HHT as being the most innovative technique of time-frequency analysis, its specific algorithm and application to identify structural parameters and damage, and to eliminate local strong disturbance from measured strain signals of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge with the disturbance of interphone are also introduced. Finally, the fundamental theories, characteristics and development trends for 5 methods (dynamic fingerprint analysis method, model modification method, system identification method, neural network method and genetic algorithm method) of structural damage detection are concluded. It is pointed out that neural network and genetic algorithm combined is one of the approaches to structural damage detection.